I. Makhalidwe a zigawo za China ndi zigawo zothandizira msika
Ndikukhulupirira kuti ogulitsa ambiri akufufuza vutoli, monga momwe mawu akale amanenera: dziwani nokha, dziwani mdani wanu, ndipo mudzapambana nkhondo zana.
Kwa ogulitsa omwe akusintha kapena akukonzekera kulowa m'mafakitale aku China omwe amathandizira, kuzindikira mawonekedwe a msika wothandizira kunyumba kungachepetse "maphunziro" osafunikira.Makhalidwe a msika wothandizira kunyumba akhoza kufotokozedwa mwachidule motere:
1. Poyerekeza ndi msika wogulitsa pambuyo pake, pali mitundu yocheperako, koma kuchuluka kwa batchi iliyonse ndi yayikulu.
2. Kuvuta kwaukadaulo wapamwamba kuposa msika wogulitsa pambuyo pake.
Chifukwa cha kuwongolera kwachindunji ndi kutenga nawo gawo kwa oEMS, zofunikira zaukadaulo zidzakhala zapamwamba kwambiri kuposa zotsatsa;
3. Ponena za kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kabwino kake
Moyenera, malo osungiramo katundu akakhala mozungulira OEMS.
4. Zofunikira zautumiki wapamwamba, monga momwe mungakumbukire.
Kuphatikiza apo, ngakhale mtundu womwe umapereka utayimitsidwa, nthawi zambiri umayenera kutsimikizira kuti magawowo amaperekedwa kwa zaka zopitilira 10.
Kwa ogulitsa ambiri, mulibe malo ochulukirapo pamsika wapakhomo, ndipo kupanga misika yakunja ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri.
Chachiwiri, momwe zinthu zilili pano m'mabizinesi aku China opanga zida zamagalimoto
1. Opanga zigawo zaku China akumaloko amakumana ndi zovuta zambiri
M'zaka zaposachedwa, ndi chitukuko chofulumira chamakampani opanga magalimoto ku China, mphamvu za opanga magalimoto zawonjezeka kwambiri.
Mosiyana kwambiri, makampani opanga zida zamagalimoto ku China akadali okulirapo komanso amphamvu.
Kumbuyo kwa kukwera kwa zinthu zopangira, kuyamikira kwa Renminbi, kukwera mtengo kwa ogwira ntchito ndi kuchepetsedwa mobwerezabwereza kwa kuchotsera misonkho yotumiza kunja, kaya kukweza mitengo kapena ayi ndivuto lalikulu pabizinesi iliyonse.
Komabe, kwa makampani achigawo aku China, kukwera kwamitengo kungatanthauze kutayika kwa madongosolo, chifukwa zinthuzo zilibe ukadaulo woyambira, ngati ataya mwayi wamtengo wapatali, ndiye kuti palibe amene angalipire "Made in China" zinthu zochititsa manyazi.
Mu 2008 China Shanghai International Auto Parts Exhibition, ogulitsa zida zingapo adanena kuti mwachiwonekere akumva kukakamizidwa ndi msika wapadziko lonse lapansi.M'zaka zingapo zapitazi, mabizinesi omwe atha kupanga phindu labwino, chifukwa cha kukwera kwa zinthu ziwiri komanso kuyamikira kwa RMB, phindu lawo lakhala loyipa kwambiri kuposa kale, ndipo phindu lawo logulitsa kunja likucheperachepera.
Mpikisano pamsika wothandizira magalimoto apanyumba ukukulirakulira, ndipo phindu lalikulu la mabizinesi omwe amagulitsa pambuyo pa malonda akuchepa, ndipo pafupifupi pafupifupi 10%.
Kuphatikiza apo, makampani amitundu yosiyanasiyana alowa ku China ndikukulitsa mwachangu gawo la magawo amagalimoto onyamula anthu ndi zida zamagalimoto zamalonda, zomwe zidabweretsa zovuta zazikulu kwamakampani a Local Component ku China.
2. Kuthamanga kwamphamvu pakati pa ogulitsa zigawo zamitundumitundu
Mosiyana ndi nthawi zovuta zomwe zikuchulukirachulukira kwa ogulitsa akumeneko, mayiko osiyanasiyana akuyenda bwino ku China.
Denso waku Japan, Mobis waku South Korea, Ndipo Delphi ndi Borgwarner aku United States, mwa ena, ali ndi makampani onse kapena olamulira ku China, ndipo mabizinesi awo akukwera chifukwa chakukula kwakukulu pamsika waku China.
A Yang Weihua, woyang’anira zamalonda wa visteon ku Asia Pacific, anati: “Kukwera kwa zinthu zopangira zinthu kwachotsa mwayi wotsika mtengo wa ogulitsa m’derali, koma bizinesi ya Visteon ku China idzakulabe kwambiri.”
"Zomwe zidzachitike posachedwa zitha kwa ogulitsa akumaloko, ngakhale zotsatira zake sizingamveke kwa chaka china kapena ziwiri."
Kuyambira 2006 mpaka 2010, malonda a Borgwarner ku China adzakwaniritsa cholinga chofuna "kukula kasanu zaka zisanu", adatero gwero la dipatimenti yogula ya borgwarner (China).
Pakalipano, Borgwarner samangothandiza ma Oems aku China, komanso amagwiritsa ntchito China ngati malo opangira malonda padziko lonse lapansi.
"Kusintha kwa ndalama za RMB/US dollar kumangokhudza zotumiza ku US, osakwanira kukhudza kukula kwakukulu kwa bizinesi yonse ya borgwarner ku China."
Liu Xiaohong, woyang'anira zolankhulana ku Delphi China, ali ndi chiyembekezo kuti kukula ku China kudzakhala kopitilira 40% chaka chino.
Kuphatikiza apo, Malinga ndi Jiang Jian, wachiwiri kwa purezidenti wa Delphi (China), bizinesi yake kudera la Asia-pacific ikukula pamlingo wa 26% chaka chilichonse, ndipo bizinesi yake ku China ikuwonjezeka ndi 30% chaka chilichonse.
"Chifukwa cha kukula kofulumira kumeneku, Delphi yasankha kukhazikitsa malo ake achisanu a teknoloji m'chigawo cha Asia Pacific ku China, ndipo ntchito ikuchitika."
Malinga ndi ziwerengero zoyenera, chiwerengero cha mabizinesi opangidwa ndi mayiko akunja ndi zigawo zamabizinesi ku China chafika pafupifupi 500. Onse ogulitsa mayiko osiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza Visteon, Borgwarner ndi Delphi, akhazikitsa mabizinesi ogwirizana kapena mabizinesi athunthu ku China popanda kupatula.
3. Mpikisano wokhotakhota wa Marginalization wayamba mwalamulo
Othandizira apakhomo, ambiri a iwo ochokera ku China, akhala akuchulukirachulukira pankhondo yapakati pazachuma zakunja ndi zapakhomo.
Chitsanzo chodziwika bwino ndi chakuti pafupifupi mabizinesi onse omwe ali ndi zigawo zikuluzikulu zapakhomo amalamulidwa ndi makampani amitundu yambiri monga umwini kapena kugwirizira. Malinga ndi ziwerengero, ndalama zakunja pamsika wa zida zamagalimoto ku China zidapitilira 60% ya gawolo, ndipo m'makampani opanga zida zamagalimoto, akatswiri ena amayerekeza kuti ifika kuposa 80%.Kuphatikiza apo, mu zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagalimoto ndi zinthu zina zapamwamba kwambiri komanso madera ofunikira monga injini, bokosi la gear ndi zida zina zazikulu, kuwongolera kwakunja kwa msika. ndi okwera mpaka 90%.Akatswiri ena anachenjezanso kuti monga ogulitsa magawo omwe ali pamwamba pa makampani opanga magalimoto, akataya malo awo apamwamba pamsika, zikhoza kutanthauza kuti makampani a magalimoto "adzakhala opanda kanthu".
Pakalipano, makampani opanga zida zamagalimoto ku China adatsalira kwambiri pakukula kwa magalimoto onse, ndipo mpikisano wonse wamabizinesi aku China waku China ukuchepa.Chifukwa cha kulingalira kwakukulu kwa madipatimenti odziwa bwino ntchito yamakampani omwe amaika kufunikira kwa injini yayikulu kuposa magawo, kutsalirako kwakhala chopinga chachikulu pakukula kwa mafakitale aku China.
Ngakhale ogulitsa aku China akukula mwachangu, kusowa kwaukadaulo wapakatikati pazogulitsa zawo, kuphatikiza kufooka m'mafakitale oyambira monga kupanga zitsulo ndi mapulasitiki a mafakitale, ndizifukwa zomwe opanga ma automaker alibe chidaliro mwa opanga zigawo zakomweko.Take Borgwarner (China) chitsanzo.Pakadali pano, pafupifupi 70% ya ogulitsa a borgWarner amachokera ku China, koma 30% yokha ya iwo ndi omwe angaphatikizidwe pamndandanda wazinthu zazikulu, pomwe ena ogulitsa adzathetsedwa.
Zachilengedwe zogawira gawo zitha kugawidwa m'magawo atatu molingana ndi mphamvu ndi magawo a ntchito: Ndiko kuti, Tier1 (tier) ndi omwe amapereka magalimoto, Tier2 ndi omwe amapereka msonkhano wamagalimoto / module, ndipo Tier3 ndi omwe amapereka magalimoto. zigawo/zigawo.Mabizinesi ambiri apanyumba ali mumsasa wa Tier2 ndi Tier3, ndipo mulibe mabizinesi mu Tier1. ”
Pakadali pano, Tier1 ili pafupi kulamulidwa ndi makampani amitundu yosiyanasiyana monga Bosch, Waystone ndi Delphi, pomwe mabizinesi am'deralo ndi omwe amagawira Tier3 ndi zinthu zazing'ono, zopangidwa ndiukadaulo wocheperako komanso njira yopangira anthu ambiri.
Pokhapokha popanga luso laukadaulo ndikupanga zinthu zowonjezera zamtengo wapatali zomwe opanga zida zamagalimoto aku China angachotseretu vuto la "kuchepetsedwa kwambiri pakupanga, ukadaulo ndi kafukufuku ndi chitukuko".
Zitatu, magawo am'deralo omwe amathandizira mabizinesi momwe angawunikire mozungulira
Ndi chitukuko chachangu cha makampani magalimoto China, China wakhala dziko lachitatu padziko lonse ogula galimoto.Mu 2007, galimoto PARC adzafika 45 miliyoni, mwa amene payekha galimoto PARC ndi 32.5 miliyoni.M'zaka zaposachedwa, galimoto yaku China PARC yakula mwachangu, ndikuyika 6 padziko lonse lapansi.Pofika 2020, ikhoza kufika 133 miliyoni, kukhala yachiwiri padziko lonse lapansi, yachiwiri ku United States, ndiyeno idzalowa mu nthawi yokhazikika.
Ili ndi mwayi wopanda malire wamabizinesi, wodzaza ndi chithumwa, ikuyembekezera kuti tipange "mgodi wa golide". Ndi kukula kwachangu kwa magalimoto, makampani opanga zida zamagalimoto apezanso chitukuko chofulumira. Msika waku China keke yayikulu ili ndi pafupifupi mayiko onse apadziko lonse lapansi. mtundu wotchuka wa mbali galimoto, makamaka m'zaka zaposachedwapa, monga zokolola Delphi, visteon, denso, zigawo zikuluzikulu za Michelin, muller ndi zopangidwa ena mayiko odziwika bwino, ndi ubwino wa mtundu wake wapadziko lonse mu China galimoto mbali msika chinakula, mapangidwe Zokhudza kwambiri msika wa zida zamagalimoto apanyumba, chitukuko cha zida zamagalimoto zapakhomo kukhala chokhazikika, zodziwika bwino zamayiko ozungulira zakhala zofunika kwambiri pamabizinesi am'deralo.
1. Pangani "chizindikiro" chodziyimira pawokha kuti mukwaniritse kupambana kwamtundu
Ogulitsa zida zamagalimoto akunja nthawi zambiri amapezerapo mwayi pakugwiritsa ntchito kwakhungu kwa ogula aku China, ndikudzivala ngati zida zapamwamba kwambiri zamagalimoto chifukwa cha malaya awo "akunja" ndi "kampani yayikulu padziko lonse lapansi" kuti ogula aziwakhulupirira. nthawi yomweyo, chifukwa cha chong chamaganizo ichi, makasitomala ambiri adzatchulidwa kuti atumize zipangizo zapamwamba, chifukwa m'maso mwawo, zipangizo zapakhomo ndizochepa chabe.
Titha kunena kuti kuwonongeka kwa mtundu ndi chimodzi mwazovuta zazikulu zamakampani aku China am'deralo. M'zaka zaposachedwa, ngakhale kupanga zida zamoto zaku China zakhala zikuyenda bwino, koma poyerekeza ndi mabizinesi amphamvu apadziko lonse lapansi, tili ndi kusiyana kwakukulu. mabizinesi a zida zamagalimoto alibe ngakhale ochepa omwe amalola anthu kunyadira ndi kunyadira mtundu wa "ringing". Chifukwa chake, mabizinesi a zida zamagalimoto amayenera kulabadira mawonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe amtundu wawo, ndikupanga mtundu waku China wokhala ndi mawonekedwe odziyimira pawokha. Katswiri amakhulupirira kuti popanga dongosolo lachitukuko lodziyimira pawokha ndi kuthekera, ndikupanga gulu lodziyimira pawokha, mabizinesi amatha kuwonetsa "mtundu" wawo ndikupanga mpikisano kuti athyole kuzingidwa kwapadziko lonse lapansi.
Mpikisano wa magawo a magalimoto ndi wovuta kwambiri, makamaka pankhani yakuchulukirachulukira kwachuma kwachuma, zimphona zambiri zapadziko lonse lapansi zalowa mumsika wa China, mabizinesi am'nyumba akukumana ndi pressure. miyezo ndi mabizinesi mumakampani monga chandamale chawo kuti akwaniritse miyezo ndikukula mpaka pamlingo wapamwamba.Kuchita chinyengo chimodzi kapena ziwiri kapena kuposerapo ena alibe "chinyengo", kupititsa patsogolo kupikisana kwazinthu zamabizinesi kuchokera pazawo, kupanga Mtheradi phindu.Tiyenera mofulumira kukulitsa mphamvu zathu zopangira ndi kukula, ndipo mwamsanga kukhala amphamvu ndi okulirapo.Kupanga mtundu wapadziko lonse wamphamvu wodziyimira pawokha, kupanga "mkulu, wapadera, wamphamvu" "mtundu wamtundu". China magalimoto mbali mabizinezi anatulukira zopangidwa ena amene amaima olimba mu msika, monga mayendedwe padziko lonse, etc., kukula kwa mabizinesi amenewa pang'onopang'ono kukula, luso luso kukula pang'onopang'ono, mu mpikisano woopsa kusewera dziko lawo, kuti. kusonyeza mtundu wawo.Monga akatswiri kupanga ndi ntchito mkulu, kalasi yapakati kalasi dizilo pisitoni, zida, mafuta mpope wa hunan riverside makina (gulu) Co., LTD., M'zaka zaposachedwapa, mwamsanga atengere msika, nthawi zonse kumapangitsanso mlingo wa chitukuko cha mankhwala chitukuko ndi khalidwe mankhwala, mankhwala a mabizinesi amakhalabe mwayi mpikisano msika, motero kupereka mikhalidwe yabwino kwa mabizinesi kutenga nawo mpikisano kunyumba ndi kunja. mu makampani, wakhala oveteredwa monga makampani, chigawo "zotchuka mtundu mankhwala".
2. Pangani matekinoloje apamwamba kuti mukwaniritse zopambana zapamwamba
Msika wapamwamba kwambiri wa zida zamagalimoto nthawi zonse umakhala wopikisana.Kutengera momwe msika umapindulira, ngakhale zida zamagalimoto zapamwamba zimangotenga 30% ya msika wonse wa zida zamagalimoto pakadali pano, phindu limaposa phindu lonse la magalimoto. zinthu zapakati ndi zotsika mtengo.Ngakhale kuti mafakitale aku China apita patsogolo kwambiri pamsika wamagalimoto apamwamba, koma opanga zida zamagalimoto akunja, ndi mphamvu zake zachuma komanso luso lamphamvu, zinthu zokhwima komanso luso la kasamalidwe kazinthu, kuphatikiza ndi gulu la magalimoto lamayiko osiyanasiyana adapanga gulu limodzi. strategic alliance, wotanganidwa zigawo zikuluzikulu za msika mkulu-mapeto ku China, ulamuliro wa luso mkulu, mkulu phindu mankhwala areas.But mbali zoweta mabizinesi ndi "otsika mapeto dogfight" anakulirakulira, kusonyeza "kutayika mkulu-mapeto" zinthu. .
"Zisokonezo zotsika kwambiri zamakampani aku China zida zamagalimoto" komanso "kutaya kwambiri" ndikuwonetsa komwe kuli kumapeto kwenikweni kwa mafakitale, ndipo gwero la zomwe zikuchitika mumakampani aku China zidali mu kusowa kwaukadaulo wamabizinesi am'deralo, osatha kuwonetsa "luso lawo lapadera".
Ili ndi mwayi wopanda malire wamabizinesi, wodzaza ndi chithumwa, ikuyembekezera kuti tipange "mgodi wa golide". Ndi kukula kwachangu kwa magalimoto, makampani opanga zida zamagalimoto apezanso chitukuko chofulumira. Msika waku China keke yayikulu ili ndi pafupifupi mayiko onse apadziko lonse lapansi. mtundu wotchuka wa mbali galimoto, makamaka m'zaka zaposachedwapa, monga zokolola Delphi, visteon, denso, zigawo zikuluzikulu za Michelin, muller ndi zopangidwa ena mayiko odziwika bwino, ndi ubwino wa mtundu wake wapadziko lonse mu China galimoto mbali msika chinakula, mapangidwe Zokhudza kwambiri msika wa zida zamagalimoto apanyumba, chitukuko cha zida zamagalimoto zapakhomo kukhala chokhazikika, zodziwika bwino zamayiko ozungulira zakhala zofunika kwambiri pamabizinesi am'deralo.
1. Pangani "chizindikiro" chodziyimira pawokha kuti mukwaniritse kupambana kwamtundu
Ogulitsa zida zamagalimoto akunja nthawi zambiri amapezerapo mwayi pakugwiritsa ntchito kwakhungu kwa ogula aku China, ndikudzivala ngati zida zapamwamba kwambiri zamagalimoto chifukwa cha malaya awo "akunja" ndi "kampani yayikulu padziko lonse lapansi" kuti ogula aziwakhulupirira. nthawi yomweyo, chifukwa cha chong chamaganizo ichi, makasitomala ambiri adzatchulidwa kuti atumize zipangizo zapamwamba, chifukwa m'maso mwawo, zipangizo zapakhomo ndizochepa chabe.
Titha kunena kuti kuwonongeka kwa mtundu ndi chimodzi mwazovuta zazikulu zamakampani aku China am'deralo. M'zaka zaposachedwa, ngakhale kupanga zida zamoto zaku China zakhala zikuyenda bwino, koma poyerekeza ndi mabizinesi amphamvu apadziko lonse lapansi, tili ndi kusiyana kwakukulu. mabizinesi a zida zamagalimoto alibe ngakhale ochepa omwe amalola anthu kunyadira ndi kunyadira mtundu wa "ringing". Chifukwa chake, mabizinesi a zida zamagalimoto amayenera kulabadira mawonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe amtundu wawo, ndikupanga mtundu waku China wokhala ndi mawonekedwe odziyimira pawokha. Katswiri amakhulupirira kuti popanga dongosolo lachitukuko lodziyimira pawokha ndi kuthekera, ndikupanga gulu lodziyimira pawokha, mabizinesi amatha kuwonetsa "mtundu" wawo ndikupanga mpikisano kuti athyole kuzingidwa kwapadziko lonse lapansi.
Mpikisano wa magawo a magalimoto ndi wovuta kwambiri, makamaka pankhani yakuchulukirachulukira kwachuma kwachuma, zimphona zambiri zapadziko lonse lapansi zalowa mumsika wa China, mabizinesi am'nyumba akukumana ndi pressure. miyezo ndi mabizinesi mumakampani monga chandamale chawo kuti akwaniritse miyezo ndikukula mpaka pamlingo wapamwamba.Kuchita chinyengo chimodzi kapena ziwiri kapena kuposerapo ena alibe "chinyengo", kupititsa patsogolo kupikisana kwazinthu zamabizinesi kuchokera pazawo, kupanga Mtheradi phindu.Tiyenera mofulumira kukulitsa mphamvu zathu zopangira ndi kukula, ndipo mwamsanga kukhala amphamvu ndi okulirapo.Kupanga mtundu wapadziko lonse wamphamvu wodziyimira pawokha, kupanga "mkulu, wapadera, wamphamvu" "mtundu wamtundu". China magalimoto mbali mabizinezi anatulukira zopangidwa ena amene amaima olimba mu msika, monga mayendedwe padziko lonse, etc., kukula kwa mabizinesi amenewa pang'onopang'ono kukula, luso luso kukula pang'onopang'ono, mu mpikisano woopsa kusewera dziko lawo, kuti. kusonyeza mtundu wawo.Monga akatswiri kupanga ndi ntchito mkulu, kalasi yapakati kalasi dizilo pisitoni, zida, mafuta mpope wa hunan riverside makina (gulu) Co., LTD., M'zaka zaposachedwapa, mwamsanga atengere msika, nthawi zonse kumapangitsanso mlingo wa chitukuko cha mankhwala chitukuko ndi khalidwe mankhwala, mankhwala a mabizinesi amakhalabe mwayi mpikisano msika, motero kupereka mikhalidwe yabwino kwa mabizinesi kutenga nawo mpikisano kunyumba ndi kunja. mu makampani, wakhala oveteredwa monga makampani, chigawo "zotchuka mtundu mankhwala".
2. Pangani matekinoloje apamwamba kuti mukwaniritse zopambana zapamwamba
Msika wapamwamba kwambiri wa zida zamagalimoto nthawi zonse umakhala wopikisana.Kutengera momwe msika umapindulira, ngakhale zida zamagalimoto zapamwamba zimangotenga 30% ya msika wonse wa zida zamagalimoto pakadali pano, phindu limaposa phindu lonse la magalimoto. zinthu zapakati ndi zotsika mtengo.Ngakhale kuti mafakitale aku China apita patsogolo kwambiri pamsika wamagalimoto apamwamba, koma opanga zida zamagalimoto akunja, ndi mphamvu zake zachuma komanso luso lamphamvu, zinthu zokhwima komanso luso la kasamalidwe kazinthu, kuphatikiza ndi gulu la magalimoto lamayiko osiyanasiyana adapanga gulu limodzi. strategic alliance, wotanganidwa zigawo zikuluzikulu za msika mkulu-mapeto ku China, ulamuliro wa luso mkulu, mkulu phindu mankhwala areas.But mbali zoweta mabizinesi ndi "otsika mapeto dogfight" anakulirakulira, kusonyeza "kutayika mkulu-mapeto" zinthu. .
"Zisokonezo zotsika kwambiri zamakampani aku China zida zamagalimoto" komanso "kutaya kwambiri" ndikuwonetsa komwe kuli kumapeto kwenikweni kwa mafakitale, ndipo gwero la zomwe zikuchitika mumakampani aku China zidali mu kusowa kwaukadaulo wamabizinesi am'deralo, osatha kuwonetsa "luso lawo lapadera".
Nthawi yotumiza: Sep-23-2021